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　　Define genetic screening

　　Testing a population for the presence or absence of a gene

　　Discuss three advantages and disadvantages of genetic screening

　　Advantages

　　Lessen the devastating impact of genetic disease

　　Identification of persons who have genetically determined susceptibilities to specific environmental agents

　　Insurance Companies can give lower premiums

　　Disadvantage

　　Can stigmatize and emotionally traumatize those who learn that they are carriers of genetic defects

　　Invasion of privacy

　　Has the potential of being used to dictate who may or may not reproduce

　　State that the Human Genome project is an international cooperative venture to sequence the complete human genome

　　Discuss two possible advantages of this project

　　Understanding of many genetic diseases

　　Genome libraries

　　Production of gene probes to detect sufferers and carriers of genetic diseases

　　Production of pharmaceuticals based on DNA sequences

　　Define clone

　　A group of organisms of identical genotype / a group of cells descended from a single parent cell.

　　Outline a technique used in the cloning of farm animals

　　Early division of a fertilized egg produces 8 cells each of which would give rise to an embryo (totipotency).

　　After in vitro fertilization processes the 8 resultant separated embryos can be transferred to surrogate mothers (e.g. cattle or sheep) to continue using selected prime animals for the production of gametes

　　At present used for genetically manipulated animals to produce pharmaceuticals

　　Discuss the ethical issues of cloning human embryos

　　Happens naturally in monozygotic twins

　　In vitro fertilization of twins unacceptable?

　　Selection of those fit to be cloned

　　Eugenics and super-race?

　　Discuss the results of crop plant and animal breeding

　　Breeding for disease resistance

　　Increased food production

　　Higher yields of milk/wool/protein

　　Breeding plants that can spread

　　以上就是为大家提供的ALevel生物-应用遗传学Applied Genetics，更多内容欢迎点击Alevel课程查看。